CSS Syntax
A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:
The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.
Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.
A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
In the following example all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color:Example:
<html>
<head>
<style>
p {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
<p>These paragraphs are styled with CSS.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS Selectors
CSS selectors are used to "find" (or select) HTML elements based on their element name, id, class, attribute, and more.
The element Selector
The element selector selects elements based on the element name.
You can select all <p> elements on a page like this (in this case, all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color):
The id Selector
The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific element.
The id of an element should be unique within a page, so the id selector is used to select one unique element!
To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#) character, followed by the id of the element.
The style rule below will be applied to the HTML element with id="para1":
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#para1 {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="para1">Hello World!</p>
<p>This paragraph is not affected by the style.</p>
</body>
</html>
The class Selector
The class selector selects elements with a specific class attribute.
To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by the name of the class.
In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be red and center-aligned: Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.center {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="center">Red and center-aligned heading</h1>
<p class="center">Red and center-aligned paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
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